The combination of berberine and cinnamon polyphenol can improve glucose metabolism in T2DM rats through Bas-TGR5-GLP-1 / 药学学报

Berberine (BBR) is the main pharmacological active ingredient of Coptidis, which has hypoglycemic effect, but its clinical application is limited due to its poor oral bioavailability. Polyphenols, derived from cinnamon, are beneficial for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The combination of both may have an additive effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect and mechanism of combined medication in diabetic rats. The modeling rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (berberine group, cinnamon group, combined group, metformin group, diabetic control group) and normal control group. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (approval number: HMUIRB2022003). The subjects were given orally, and the control group was given equal volume solvent and body weight was measured weekly. Thirty days after administration, oral glucose tolerance test and insulin sensitivity test were performed, and fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated serum protein (GSP), and serum insulin (INS) levels were detected; high-throughput sequencing technology was used to detect intestinal microbiota structure; real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot were used to detect G protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) expression levels. The results showed that, compared with the diabetic control group, the levels of FBG (P < 0.01) and GSP (P < 0.01) in the combined group were lower, and the insulin resistance was improved, which was better than that in the berberine group. Combined treatment increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Prevotella and Lactobacillus, reversed the decrease in Lactobacillus in the berberine alone induction group, and the combination of the two could promote the expression of TGR5 and GLP-1. In summary, the combined application of cinnamon and berberine can regulate glucose metabolism better than the application of berberine alone. Berberine combined with cinnamon can improve the function of pancreatic islet β cells in diabetes mellitus type 2 rats by changing the intestinal microbiota, increasing the expression of TGR5 and GLP-1 proteins, and thereby better regulating glucose metabolism.

Proteomic analysis of lung injuries induced by paraquat in mice / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanism of paraquat (PQ)-induced lung injuries.Methods:Male C57BL/6 mice aged 6 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into four groups. Mice in the experimental groups (three groups, nine rats in each group) were intraperitoneally injected with 40 mg/kg PQ to establish an infection model, and mice in the control group ( n=9) were intraperitoneally injected with the same dose of saline. Mice were sacrificed at day 2, 7 and 14 after PQ administration. Pathological changes of lung tissues from mice model were observed by Hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expression of different proteins in the lung tissues at different time points were detected and identified by tandem mass spectrometry tag technology (TMT), and the functional analysis was performed. Results:Compared with the control group, there were 91 (69 up and 22 down), 160 (103 up and 57 down) and 78 (45 up and 33 down) proteins in the PQ-2 d, 7 d, and 14 d groups, respectively, and there was significant difference of protein expression . The subcellular localization analysis showed that compared with the control group, the differentially-expressed proteins in the PQ-2 d and -7 d groups were mainly distributed in the extracellular space, while in the PQ-14 d group were mainly distributed in the nuclear. GO analysis showed that compared with the control group, the differentially-expressed proteins in the PQ-2 d and PQ-7 d groups were mainly involved in humoral immunity and coagulation-related reactions, while in the PQ-14 d group were mainly involved in chemotactic and regulatory responses such as neutrophil aggregation. The KEGG signaling pathway analysis showed that the complement and coagulation cascades was the most important pathway in the PQ-2d and PQ-7 d groups, while metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450 was the most important pathway in the PQ-14 d group.Conclusions:It is the first time that TMT was used to analyze PQ-induced lung injuries in mice model at different time points. This study demonstrates the molecular mechanism of PQ-induced lung injuries at protein levels, and elucidates that humoral immunity and complement-coagulation pathways charge the main role of PQ-induced lung injuries. This study may provide an important theoretical basis for further research and clinical treatment.

Genetic Polymorphism of Antigens in Twelve Rare Blood Group Systems of Li Nationality in Hainan Province / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the distribution characteristics of main antigen gene frequencies of Duffy,Diego,Kidd,Dombrock,MNS,Lutheran,Kell,Colton,Scianna,Yt,Knops and Indian in red blood cell blood group system of Li nationality in Hainan Province.@*METHODS@#Antigens in twelve rare blood group systems of 214 Li people in Hainan Province were genotyped and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP).@*RESULTS@#The gene frequency of antigens in twelve rare blood group systems of 214 Li people in Hainan Province including: the gene frequency of Duffy blood group system: fy@*CONCLUSION@#The genetic distribution and genetic status in twelve rare blood group systems of Li nationality in Hainan Province are relatively stable. The gene distribution of Duffy, Diego, Kidd, Drombrock, MNS and Lutheran blood group systems are polymorphic and show unique distribution characteristics compared with other regions and different nationalities. The gene frequency distribution of Kell、Colton、Scianna、Yt、Knops、Indian blood group systems are monomorphic.

Detection of Irregular Antibodies after Blood Transfusion for Children with Thalassemia in Hainan / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the irregular antibody positive rate and antibody specificity in children with thalassemia received long-term blood transfusion in Hainan area and analyze the causes of antibody screening positive.@*METHODS@#Micro-column gel method was used to screen the irregular antibody in 49 children who received transfusion treatment in our hospital, and the antibody specificity of the positive samples was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#Fourteen of 49 cases showed positive for screening. Among them, 11 cases showed Rh blood group antibody after detecting antibody specificity, 1 case showed the coexistence of irregular antibody and autoantibody. One case for anti-JK@*CONCLUSION@#Most of the antibodies produced after long-term blood transfusion in the children with thalassemia belong to Rh blood group antibodies; the children with mixed thalassemia are more likely to produce antibodies; the antibody screening positive rate of Li nationality is higher than that of Han nationality, which may be caused by the genetic difference of blood type between Li nationality and Han nationality.

Compound Sophorae Decoction: treating ulcerative colitis by affecting multiple metabolic pathways / 中国天然药物

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic refractory non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease that is difficult to be cured. The discovery of new ulcerative colitis-related metabolite biomarkers may help further understand UC and facilitate early diagnosis. It may also provide a basis for explaining the mechanism of drug action in the treatment of UC. Compound Sophorae Decoction (CSD) is an empirical formula used in the clinical treatment of UC. Although it is known to be efficacious, its mechanism of action in the treatment of UC is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in endogenous substances in UC rats and the effects of CSD on metabolic pathways using the metabonomics approach. Metabolomics studies in rats with UC and normal rats were performed using LC-MS/MS. Rats with UC induced using TNBS enema were used as the study models. Metabolic profiling and pathway analysis of biomarkers was performed using statistical and pathway enrichment analyses. 36 screened potential biomarkers were found to be significantly different between the UC and the normal groups; it was also found that CSD could modulate the levels of these potential biomarkers. CSD was found to be efficacious in UC by regulating multiple metabolic pathways.

Correlation between model for end-stage liver disease score and prognosis in mushroom poisoning patients:a multicenter clinical study / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To find out the clinical indicators related to prognosis in patients with acute mushroom poisoning, and approach its correlation with prognosis. Methods Clinical data of patients with mushroom poisoning admitted to the First Hospital of China Medical University, the Ninth People's Hospital of Shenyang, Xiuyan Central People's Hospital, and Fushun Central Hospital from August 2015 to August 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. The biochemical indicators within 24 hours after admission, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, whether plasmapheresis (PE) was carried out or not and 28-day prognosis of patients were collected. According to prognosis, the patients were divided into death group and survival group, and the differences in above parameters between the two groups were compared. Spearman or Pearson correlation method was used to analyze the relationship between MELD score and prognosis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the prognostic value of MELD score for prognosis. Further analysis of the patients receiving PE treatment was conducted. Results A total of four Liaoning hospitals with 89 patients with mushroom poisoning were enrolled, with 6 died within 28 days, and 83 survived. There were 17 patients with severely impaired liver and coagulant functions accepted PE treatment, with 6 patients died within 28 days, and 11 survived. ① In 89 patients, compared with survival group, MELD score, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), total bilirubin (TBil), international normalized ratio (INR), blood glucose (Glu), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in death group were significantly increased [MELD score: 32.34 (28.31, 41.06) vs. 8.76 (3.77, 21.19), PT (s): 53.5 (52.4, 113.2) vs. 14.5 (13.8, 19.5), APTT (s): 58.6 (48.9, 70.8) vs. 36.9 (34.4, 43.2), TBil (μmol/L): 134.8 (31.3, 155.6) vs. 21.5 (15.1, 41.4), INR: 6.0 (5.6, 14.7) vs. 1.2 (1.1, 1.5), Glu (mmol/L): 9.2 (9.0, 11.0) vs. 6.6 (5.7, 7.8), ALT (U/L):5 923.0 (1 105.0, 6 000.0) vs. 35.0 (18.0, 1 767.0), GGT (U/L): 49.0 (32.0, 57.0) vs. 25.0 (16.0, 41.0), all P < 0.05], but the prothrombin activity (PTA), albumin (ALB), serum Na+, Cl- were significantly decreased [PTA: 13.0% (6.0%, 14.0%) vs. 80.0% (61.0%, 87.0%), ALB (g/L): 31.1 (29.8, 39.0) vs. 42.4 (37.9, 44.3), Na+(mmol/L): 126.5 (122.4, 131.0) vs. 137.0 (134.9, 141.0), Cl- (mmol/L): 93.5 (87.6, 95.0) vs. 104.0 (101.3, 106.0), all P < 0.05]. Spearson correlation analysis showed that MELD score of patients with mushroom poisoning was positively correlated with the 28-day mortality (r = 0.423, P = 0.001). ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve (AUC) of MELD score for prognosis of patients with mushroom poisoning was 0.926; when the cut-off value was 27.30, the sensitivity was 100%, and the specificity was 84.3%. ② In 17 patients who accepted PE treatment, compared with survival group, the MELD score, TBil, Glu, and ALT in the death group were significantly increased [MELD score: 36.81±5.18 vs. 29.01±5.23, TBil (μmol/L): 145.2±13.9 vs. 93.2±44.0, Glu (mmol/L): 9.1±1.9 vs. 6.0±2.7, ALT (U/L): 5 961.5±44.5 vs. 3 932.9±1 625.7, all P < 0.05], and Cl- was significantly lowered (mmol/L: 94.3±1.2 vs. 100.5±5.7, P < 0.05), but SOFA score showed no significant difference (5.83±2.71 vs. 5.91±1.58, P > 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that the MELD score in patients with mushroom poisoning who accepted PE treatment was positively correlated with 28-day mortality (r = 0.355, P = 0.001), but no correlation with SOFA score was found (r = 0.427, P = 0.087). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of MELD score in the prediction of mushroom poisoning patients undergoing PE treatment was 0.545; when the cut-off value was 32.19, the sensitivity was 33.3%, and the specificity was 100%. Conclusions In mushroom poisoning patients, especially those undergoing PE treatment, the higher the MELD score, the higher the mortality is. MELD score could assess the prognosis of patients with acute mushroom poisoning.

Evolving Molecular Genetics of Glioblastoma / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summary the recent advances in molecular research of glioblastoma (GBM) and current trends in personalized therapy of this disease.</p><p><b>DATA SOURCES</b>Data cited in this review were obtained mainly from PubMed in English up to 2015, with keywords "molecular", "genetics", "GBM", "isocitrate dehydrogenase", "telomerase reverse transcriptase", "epidermal growth factor receptor", "PTPRZ1-MET", and "clinical treatment".</p><p><b>STUDY SELECTION</b>Articles regarding the morphological pathology of GBM, the epidemiology of GBM, genetic alteration of GBM, and the development of treatment for GBM patients were identified, retrieved, and reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There is a large amount of data supporting the view that these recurrent genetic aberrations occur in a specific context of cellular origin, co-oncogenic hits and are present in distinct patient populations. Primary and secondary GBMs are distinct disease entities that affect different age groups of patients and develop through distinct genetic aberrations. These differences are important, especially because they may affect sensitivity to radio- and chemo-therapy and should thus be considered in the identification of targets for novel therapeutic approaches.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This review highlights the molecular and genetic alterations of GBM, indicating that they are of potential value in the diagnosis and treatment for patients with GBM.</p>

Randomized double-blind clinical trial of Moluodan () for the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis with dysplasia / 中国结合医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the efficacy and safety of Moluodan () in treating dysplasia in chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This was a multi-centered, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. The total of 196 subjects were assigned to receive either Moluodan or folic acid in a 2:1 ratio by blocked randomization. Mucosa marking targeting biopsy (MTB) was used to insure the accuracy and consistency between baseline and after 6-month treatment. Primary outcomes were histological score, response rate of pathological lesions and dysplasia disappearance rate. Secondary endpoints included gastroscopic findings, clinical symptom and patient reported outcome (PRO) instrument.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Dysplasia score decreased in Moluodan group (P =0.002), significance was found between groups (P =0.045). Dysplasia disappearance rates were 24.6% and 15.2% in Moluodan and folic acid groups respectively, no significant differences were found (P =0.127). The response rate of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were 34.6% and 23.0% in Moluodan group, 24.3% and 13.6% in folic acid group. Moluodan could improve erythema (P =0.044), and bile reflux (P =0.059), no significance between groups. Moluodan was better than folic acid in improving epigastric pain, epigastric suffocation, belching and decreased appetite (P <0.05), with symptom disappearance rates of 37% to 83%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Moluodan improved dysplasia score in histopathology, and erythema and bile reflux score in endoscopy, and superior to folic acid in improving epigastric pain, epigastric suffocation, belching and decreased appetite. [ChiCTR-TRC-00000169].</p>

An analysis of relevant factors of early death in acute paraquat poisoning / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective To determine the clinical indicators of early death (within 72 hours) in patients with acute paraquat poisoning.Methods The data of 93 acute paraquat poisoning patients admitted to emergency intensive care unit (EICU) of the First Hospital of China Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into two groups according to whether they died within 72 hours or not.The gender,age,poison dose,paraquat concentration in urine,reduction of paraquat amount in urine after each hemoperfusion,and the worst value of white blood cell (WBC) count,lymphocytes count,arterial blood gas analysis,blood K +,Na+,Cl-,and serum amylase,serum lipase,serum total bilirubin,troponin Ⅰ,creatine kinase (CK),blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine within 24 hours after poisoning were compared.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between paraquat concentration in urine and the dose of paraquat.The predictive value of each indicator at death in early stage of poisoning was analyzed with receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).Results Nineteen patients in the group of those died in early stage of poisoning (within 72 hours) resulted in a mortality rate of 20.4％.Compared with non-early death group,in early death group,the value of poison dose (mL:133.4 ± 108.8 vs.58.6 ± 40.0,t=3.145,P=0.002),paraquat concentration in urine [mg/L:16.34 (11.87,96.76) vs.4.46 (1.21,12.78),Z=-3.422,P=0.001],WBC (× 109/L:22.63 ±9.72 vs.14.95 ±8.39,t=3.446,P=0.001),blood lactate [Lac (mmol/L):6.7 (2.2,12.1) vs.1.9 (1.1,3.4),Z=-3.294,P=0.001] were significantly higher,and the reduction rate of paraquat concentration in urine after first perfusion [(38.4 ± 15.63)％ vs.(67.59 ± 27.87)％,t=2.945,P=0.004] and arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide [PaCO2 (mmHg,1 mmHg=0.133 kPa):28.7 ± 9.3 vs.34.8 ± 6.7,t=-3.245,P=0.002] were significantly lowered.There was no significant difference between two groups in other indexes.Poison dose and paraquat concentration in urine showed significantly positive correlation (r=0.450,P＜0.001).ROC curve showed that the predictive value of paraquat concentration in urine,WBC,and Lac in early death were significant [area under the ROC curve (AUC) of paraquat concentrations in urine was 0.806,95％ confidence interval (95％CI) 0.699-0.913,the cut-off value was 11.64 mg/L,with sensitivity 84.6％,specificity 71.4％; AUC of WBC was 0.734,95％CI 0.569-0.899,the cut-off value was 15.94 × 109/L with sensitivity 69.2％,specificity 76.8％ ; AUC of Lac was 0.729,95％CI 0.568-0.891,the cut-off value was 1.95 mmol/L with sensitivity 84.6％,specificity 42.9％].Conclusions Paraquat concentrations in urine,WBC,Lac,poison dose and PaCO2 were the risk factors of the early death of the acute paraquat poisoning.The research suggests that paraquat concentration in urine,WBC and Lac are valuable in predicting early death of the patients.

Research advances in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in thyroid carcinoma / 中国医学科学院学报

Increasing evidences have demonstrated the roles of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in tumor invasion and metastasis. In the invasive front of papillary thyroid carcinoma, the expressions of adhesion molecules are often lost. In anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, tumor cells showing cancer stem cell characteristics have been identified. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition may thus play a key role in the progression of thyroid cancer. Therefore, it provide new insight for the development of targeted drugs for anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Clinicopathologic characteristics of primary thyroid-like follicular carcinoma in kidney / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the clinicopathological characteristics of primary thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A case of primary thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney was studied with histology and immunohistochemical staining, and its clinical and pathological findings were further analyzed with review of the literature.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patient was a 26-year-old asymptomatic woman who had a kidney mass during her annual physical examination. The tumor was well-circumscribed. Pathologically, the tumor showed follicular structures with colloid-like material in the lumina. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed intense staining for CK7 and vimentin and negative for thyoid transcripation factor-1, thyroglobulin, thyoid peroxidase and RCC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The diagnosis of primary thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney is based on the characteristic follicular architecture with colloid-like material, and the metastasis from a thyroid follicular carcinoma must be excluded clinically and pathologically before making the final diagnosis.</p>

Soft tissue reconstruction for secondary deformity after correction of Wassel type IV-D thumb duplication / 中华整形外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate an effective therapeutic method for the secondary deformity after the correction of the Wassel type IV thumb duplication.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>9 cases of Wassel W-D Complex thumb deformities in children with postoperative secondary deformity, including 6 males and 3 female, were treated. The age ranged from 2.0 to 14 years old with an average of 5.3 years old. During the operation, the anatomical structure was dissected to observe the structure and alignment of the flexor tendon as well as anatomical structure of the joint. In the meantime, the flexor pollicis longus tendon was shifted, A2 pulley was reconstructed, joint capsule was released and contracted, the end point of thenar was shifted. Kirschner wires fixation were used for about 4-5 weeks, the brace fixation for about 3 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the patients had radial side skin contracture of the interphalangeal joint, radial deviation of the thumb tip, radial side contracture and ulnar relaxation of the joint capsule. Flexor hallucis longus tendon was located in front of the radial side of the proximal phalanx, with no wrapped sheath or A2 pulley. Flexor hallucis longus tendon was attached to the thumb tip substrate, of which 1/3 was located in the center and 2/3 in the radial side. The thumb tip rotated about 10 degrees-15 degrees to the radial side. The patients were followed up for 6-38 months, with an average of 24 months. We adopted Tada standard to evaluate the follow-up results as excellent in 7 cases, good in 1 case, poor in 1 case.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Soft tissue reconstruction for the secondary deformity after the correction of the Wassel type IV-D thumb duplication is an effective method. Application of the brace after removal of Kirschner wires has an important role in preventing the secondary deformity.</p>

Gastro-protecting effect of gefarnate on chronic erosive gastritis with dyspeptic symptoms / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The role of gastro-protecting agents on symptomatic chronic gastritis is unclear. This multicenter, open, randomized trial was designed to compare the comprehensive effects of gefarnate with sucralfate on erosive gastritis with dyspeptic symptoms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 253 dyspepsia patients confirmed with erosive gastritis were enrolled from six centers in China. They randomly received either daily 300 mg gefarnate or 3 g sucralfate for six weeks. The primary endpoint was the effective rate of both treatments on endoscopic erosion at week six.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Gefarnate showed an effective rate of 72% and 67% on endoscopic score and dyspeptic symptom release, which is statistically higher than sucralfate (40.1% and 39.3%, P < 0.001, intension-to-treat). For histological improvement, gefarnate showed both effective in decreasing mucosal chronic inflammation (57.7% vs. 24.8%, P < 0.001, intension-to-treat) and active inflammation (36.4% vs. 23.1%, P < 0.05, intension-to-treat) than the control. A significant increase of prostaglandins and decrease of myeloperoxidase in mucosa were observed in gefarnate group. Severity of erosion is non-relevant to symptoms but Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) status does affect the outcome of therapy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Gefarnate demonstrates an effective outcome on the mucosal inflammation in patients with chronic erosive gastritis. Endoscopic and inflammation score should be the major indexes used in gastritis-related trials.</p>

Pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and tumorlets in bronchiectasis: a clinicopathologic study of 22 cases with review of literature / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the clinical and pathological features of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and tumorlets with bronchiectasis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Both the clinicopathologic changes and immunohistochemical findings were examined with microscopy and EnVision method in 22 cases of pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and tumorlets.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The average age of the 22 patients was 53 years, with a male to female ratio of 9:13. On macroscopic examination the lungs showed bronchiectasis; one case was accompanied by gray-white, soft nodules (diameter < 5 mm). Microscopy of the HE sections showed the basic pathologic change was bronchiectasis, accompanied by neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia and tumorlet formation in the pulmonary parenchyma surrounding the bronchioles, presenting as single nodule (10 patients), or multifocal nodules (12 patients), with average size of 1.6 mm in diameter. No tumor cells were identified in the lymph nodes. Sixteen of 22 patients were disease-free after an average follow-up period of 58 months (17 - 117 months); one patient died suddenly after surgery; and five were loss of follow up. Immunohistologically, the tumor cells were positive for CgA (18/18), Syn (16/16), AE1/AE3 (16/16) , TTF-1 (14/15), and CD56 (14/14), and Ki-67 index was < 2% in 12 cases.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Immunohistological staining for CgA, Syn, CD56, TTF-1 and AE1/AE3 can confirm the diagnosis. Early detection, pulmonary resection and follow-up help prevent the progression of these diseases.</p>

Comparison between peritoneal tuberculosis and primary peritoneal carcinoma: a 16-year, single-center experience / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Peritoneal tuberculosis and primary peritoneal carcinoma can both present as an abdominal mass and ascites with elevated serum CA125. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the clinical features of peritoneal tuberculosis, compare them with features of primary peritoneal carcinoma, and establish definitive diagnostic procedures.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a retrospective study in patients with peritoneal tuberculosis from January 1995 to October 2010 at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. During this time, the data of 38 patients with primary peritoneal carcinoma were reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The median age was 34 years (range, 19 - 80 years). The most common symptoms were abdominal distension (16/30, 53.3%) and an abdominal mass (12/30, 40.0%). The serum CA125 level was elevated in 25 patients (83.3%). The median level of cancer antigen CA125 was 392.5 U/ml (range, 0.6 - 850.0 U/ml). Abdominal ultrasound revealed a pelvic mass in 25 patients and ascites in 20 patients. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed in 15 patients (50.0%) and exploratory laparotomy was performed in 12 patients (40.0%), and 3 patients (10.0%) who underwent laparoscopy converted to laparotomy because of severe adhesions. The intraoperative findings were adhesions, multiple white tubercles, and ascites. Frozen tissue sections were obtained in 17 patients, and 14 of whom showed chronic granulomatous reactions. Final pathological examinations confirmed the diagnosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Peritoneal tuberculosis should be considered as a differential diagnosis, especially for young women with an abdominal mass, ascites, and elevated serum CA125 levels. Laparoscopy is a useful diagnostic method for peritoneal tuberculosis, and intraoperative frozen sections are recommended when the diagnosis is in doubt.</p>

Clinical and imaging manifestations of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical and computed tomography (CT) appearances of pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The CT findings and clinical data of 13 patients with pathologically proven pulmonary MALT lymphoma were retrospectively reviewed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among these 13 patients, seven presented no notable abnormalities, six manifested respiratory symptoms including cough, expectoration, and dyspnea; one of these six patients experienced fever. Chest CT showed solitary nodule in 2 patients and multiple nodules in 3 patients; meanwhile, it showed solitary consolidation in 3 patients and multiple consolidations in 5 patients. Other CT findings included air bronchogram (n = 13), airway dilatation (n = 4), ground glass opacities (n = 5), and interstitial changes (n = 5). One patient had mediastinal lymphoadenopathy and 2 had pleural effusion. Pathology showed massive lymphocyte infiltration; cells with notable nuclear atypia were also seen, which were generated from B cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The main CT findings of pulmonary MALT lymphoma include nodules, mass or patchy consolidations with air brochogram; hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathies are rare. Clinical diagnosis should also be based on pathological findings and immunohistochemical results.</p>

Estrogen induced rat model of uterine leiomyoma / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish an appropriate animal model of uterine leiomyoma and to understand the pathogenesis of this disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mature female rats were intramuscularly injected with estradiol benzoate at 200 μg or 300 μg twice a week. After injection for 8 or 10 weeks, the rats were sacrificed. We measured the serum levels of estrogen (E(2)) and progesterone (P), evaluated ER and PR expression, and calculated the leiomyoma forming rate and mortality of the rats. Histological changes were compared between rat uterine leiomyoma and human uterine leiomyoma with HE staining. The optimal dose and duration of E(2) for induction of uterine leiomyoma in rat were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the rats treated with estradiol benzoate 200 μg for 8 weeks ìn the serum E(2) level increased significantly (P<0.01). Uterine nodules were visible in some of the tested rats. Based on the pathohistological Results , the uterine leiomyoma developed in the treated rats demonstrated similar features as in human uterine leiomyoma. The expressions of ER and PR were increased in the leiomyoma tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The rat model of uterine leiomyoma can be established by intramuscular injection of estradiol benzoate at 200 μg twice per week for 8 weeks, with similar features as those of human uterine leiomyoma. The high concentrations of ER and PR in uterine tissue might be related with the development of uterine leiomyoma in animal.</p>

Estimation on tolerance limits and tolerance interval regarding the disease incubation / 中华流行病学杂志

To estimate the tolerance limit and the tolerance interval of disease incubation,under the theory that the observations(samples)were subject to Poisson distribution,the tolerance limits and tolerance interval of disease incubation were calculated based on beta-distribution with integer parameter.Expressions on the relation were obtained,including the statistics on tolerance limits of both minimum and maximum orders while the tolerance was the difference between minimum and maximum order statistics and the parameters of Poisson distribution on the sample size.Using the incomplete observations as an example,reasonable unit of sample size was considered and chosen.

Evaluation of atherosclerotic carotid plaque composition with magnetic resonance imaging using different sequences / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the capability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using different sequences in displaying atherosclerotic carotid plaque composition.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-five patients received pre- and post-contrast carotid MRI examination on a 3.0T scanner. TOF, T(1)W, T(2)W, PDW and CE-T(1)W were used for identifying the positive and negative cases for the plaque composition (lipid-rich necrotic core, intraplaque hemorrhage and calcification), and their respective sensitivity, specificity and Cohens κ with 95% CI for displaying the components of the plaques were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 74 plaques were found in the 35 patients, and after exclusion of 6 plaques for a thickness below 3 mm, 68 plaques were included for the analysis. Lipid-rich necrotic core were found in 57 plaques, intraplaque hemorrhage in 30 plaques, and alcification in 43 plaques. CE-T(1)W was the optimal sequence for displaying lipid-rich necrotic core with a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 90.9%, and κ value of 0.944. Both T(1)W and TOF reliably showed the intraplaque hemorrhage, but the former had a greater sensitivity (100%), specificity (92.1%), and κ value (0.911). Of all the 5 sequences, TOF was the best to show calcification with high sensitivity (100%), specificity (92%), and κ value (0.936).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CE-T(1)W is the best sequence to show lipid-rich necrotic core with high sensitivity and specificity. T(1)W and TOF show a high level of agreement with the standard to show the intraplaque hemorrhage. TOF is more sensitive and accurate than the other sequences in displaying calcification. The combination of T(1)W, TOF and CE-T(1)W allows accurate evaluation of each component of the plaque.</p>